Industrial processes that involve chromium can result in worker exposure to toxic hexavalent chromium. Where is exposure to hexavalent chromium occurring?

Use of pigments, spray paints and coatings.

Welding and other types of 'hot work' on stainless steel and other metals that contain chromium.

Workplace exposures occur mainly in the following areas:

Many workers in a variety of occupations are potentially exposed to Cr(VI) in the United States. The Cr(VI) compound chromic acid is used to electroplate chromium onto metal parts to provide a decorative or protective coating. It also may be used as an anticorrosive agent added to paints, primers, and other surface coatings. Cr(VI) compounds may be used as pigments in dyes, paints, inks, and plastics. A major source of worker exposure to Cr(VI) occurs during 'hot work' such as welding on stainless steel and other alloy steels containing chromium metal. Chromium metal is added to alloy steel to increase hardenability and corrosion resistance. In addition, it targets the respiratory system, kidneys, liver, skin and eyes.

It is usually produced by an industrial process. Hexavalent chromium is one of the valence states (+6) of the element chromium.